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__ Vocabulary __ __Acid-__ a substance that produces hydrogen ions in a water solution __Hydronium ion-__ When an acid dissolves in water, H+ ions interact with water molecules to form H(3)O+ __Indicator-__ organic compound that changes color in acid and base __Base-__ Any substance that forms hydroxide ions, OH-, in a water solution, any substance that accepts H+ from acids __ Reading Check __ __Pg. 697-__ Sulfuric, phosphoric, nitric, hydrochloric __Pg. 701-__ Dissociation takes place when the ammonia molecule attracts a hydrogen ion from a water molecule, forming an ammonium ion NH(4)+ __ Caption Questions __ __Pg. 698-__ Solution __ Self Check __ Identify three important bases and describe their uses. ~Acetic Acid- preserving food; carbonic acid- carbonated drinks; nitric acid- to make fertilizers; aluminum hydroxide- color-fast fabrics; magnesium hydroxide-laxative; ammonia-cleaners & fertilizers Describe an indicator ~ Organic compound that changes color in acid and base Predict what metallic compound forms when sulfuric acid reacts with magnesium metal. ~An acid If an acid donates H+ and a base produces OH-, what compound if likely to be produced when acids react with bases? ~OH(2)+ Vinegar contains acetic acid, Ch(3)COOH. Is acetic acid organic or inorganic? How do you know? ~Organic cause it is used to produce food. ~C(9)H(8)O(4) = CHO(21) __ Vocabulary __ __Strong acid-__ when it dissolves in water, nearly all the acid molecules dissociate into ions. Examples: HCl, HNO(3), and H(2)SO(4) __Weak acid-__ when it dissolves in water, only a small fraction of the molecules dissolve in water. Examples: acetic acid and carbonic acid __Strong base-__ dissociates completely in solution __Weak base-__ one that does not dissociates completely __pH-__ of a solution, is a measure of the concentration of H+ ions in it __Buffers__- solutions containing ions that react with additional acids or bases to minimize their effects on pH __ Reading Check __ __Pg. 705-__ Solutions containing ions that react with additional acids or bases to minimize their effects on pH __ Caption Questions __ __ None __ __ Self Check __ Describe what determines the strength of an acid. Abase? ~Depends on how many acid or base particles dissociate into ion sin water Explain how to make a dilute solution of a strong acid. ~To dissociate in solution Explain how electricity can be conducted by solutions. ~More ions a solution contains, the more current it can conduct. Describe pH values of 9.1, 1.2, and 5.7 as basic, acidic, or very acidic. ~1.2: very acidic 5.6: acidic 9.1: basic How would you adjust the pH if you found it was 8.2? 6.9? ~Lower the amount of the two substances added to the swimming pool. How much more acidic is a solution of pH 2.4 than a solution of pH 4.4? -10² __ Vocabulary __ __Neutralization-__ is a chemical reaction between an acid and a base that takes place in a water solution __Salt-__ is a compound formed when the negative ions from an acid combine with the positive ions from a base. __Titration-__ process in which a solution of know concentration is used to determine the concentration of another solution. __Soaps-__ organic salts, nonpolar organic chain of carbon atoms on one end and either a sodium or potassium salt of a carboxylic acid, group at the other end __ Reading Check __ __Pg. 713-__ By reaction a long-chain fatty acid with sodium or potassium hydroxide. __Pg. 714-__ Soaps, perfumes, and clothing __ Caption Questions __ __Pg. 707-__ The reaction would be quicker cause the tablet has already been broken up __Pg. 710-__ Pot at which the color persists __Pg. 712-__ COONa or COOK __Pg. 714-__ I would use the imitation Pineapple react. __ Self Check __ Describe a neutralization reaction. What are the products of such reactions? ~A chemical reaction between an acid and a base that takes place in a water solution. Identify the purpose of an indicator in a titration experiment. ~To help create the persistent color Explain how the composition of detergents differs from that of soaps. ~Detergents are made from petroleum molecules instead of fatty acids, like soaps. Identify the molecule that is produced in the reaction between an alcohol and an acid from an ester. ~Butyric acid and ethyl alcohol react to produce water and the ester, ethyl butyric. How many molecules of HCl are needed to produce four molecules of H(2)O? ~1:2, 2
 * __ Chapter 23- Acids, Bases, and Salts  __**
 * __ Section 1- Acids and Bases  __**
 * __ Section 2- Strengths of acids and bases  __**
 * __ Section 3- Salts  __**