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//Chapter 19-Elements and Their Properties// **__ Vocabulary __ Metal – good conductors of heat and electricity, and all but one are solid at room temperature Malleable – can be hammered or rolled into sheets Ductile – can be drawn into wires Metallic bonding – positively charged metallic ions are surrounded by a cloud of electrons Radioactive element – the nucleus breaks down and gives off particles and energy Transition element – elements in groups 3-12 in the periodic table __ Reading Check Questions __ Because the outer level electrons are weakly held Because it has attractive color and rarity __ Caption Questions __ reflects light Ductile Listed below the table __ Self Check __ Describe how to test palladium to see if it is a metal. ~See if it’s a good conductor of electricity and heat, and if it’s located in a blue bow on the periodic table. Explain how arrangement of the iron triad differs from arrangements of coinage metals. ~The elements are arranged differently. Identify how metallic bonds differ from ionic and covalent bonds. ~Metallic bonding; positively charged metallic ions are surrounded by a cloud of electrons, ionic atoms tend to lose electrons to the atoms of nonmetals Think critically if X stands for metal, how can you tell from the following formulas- XCl and XCl(2) – which compound contains an alkali metal and which contains an alkaline earth metal? ~XCl is a alkali because there is one electron, and XCl(2) is Alkaline because if uses two electrons. Pennies used to be made of copper zinc, and weighed 3.11 g. Today, pennies are made of copper-plated zinc, and weighs 2.5 g. A new penny weighs what percent of an old penny? ~3.11/2.5= 1.244/100= .1244% __ Vocabulary __ Nonmetal – elements that usually are gases or brittle solids at room temperature Diatomic molecule – consists of two atoms of the same element in covalent bond Salt – halogen gains an electron from a metal, an ionic compound Sublimation – process of a solid changing directly to a vapor without forming a liquid __ Reading Check __ Consists of two atoms of the same element in a covalent bond Process of a solid changing directly to a vapor without forming a liquid __ Caption Questions __ None __ Self Check __ Describe two ways in which hydrogen combines with other elements. ~It can become a gas and can gain an electron when it combines with alkali and alkaline earth metals. Rank the following nonmetals from lowest number of electrons in the outer level to highest: Cl-, H+, He, H. ~Cl-, He, H, H+  Explain how solid nonmetals are different from solid metals. ~Solid nonmetals are brittle or powdery, they are not malleable or ductile, can’t conduct hear or electricity well, not shiny. Describe how you can tell that a gas is a halogen. ~The halogens form reactive diatomic covalent molecules and can be identified by their distinct colors. What is the process of a solid changing directly into a vapor? Which element undergoes this process at room temperature? ~Sublimations, Bromine Interpret data by identifying the nonmetal with its oxidation number in these compounds: MgO, NaH, AlBr(3), and FeS. ~MgO- 2 NaH- 2 AlBr3- 5 FeS- 2 __ Vocabulary __ Metalloid – can form ionic and covalent bonds with other elements and can have metallic and nonmetallic properties Allotrope – different forms of the same element, have different molecular structures Semiconductor – elements that conduct and electric current under certain conditions Transuranium element – elements having more than 92 protons, the atomic number of uranium __ Reading Check __ different forms of the same element, have different molecular structures Because element is used with other metals to lower their melting point __ Caption Questions __ Hexagon, Pentagon, Tetrahedron __ Applying Math __ ???????????? __ Self Check __ Explain why Groups 14 and 15 are better representatives of mixed groups than Groups of 13 and 16. ~Because 14 and 15 have mixture of each type of element. Describe how allotropes of silicon differ in appearance. ~Hard grey substance and brown power. Explain how an element is classified as transuranium element. ~Element having more than 92 protons, the atomic number of uranium Describe what type of structure a diamond has. How could you build a model of this? ~Tetrahedron structure; create it with toothpicks and marshmallows. Graphite and a diamond are both made of the element carbon. Why is graphite a lubricant and diamond the hardest gem known? ~Diamond atoms are held tightly together and graphite atoms are bonded weakly. Element 114 lasted 30s before falling apart. It lasted 100,000 times longer than alement 112. How long did element 112 last. ~30s= 100,000x 30s/100,000= .003s
 * Section 1:Metals
 * Section 2 - Nonmetals **
 * Section 3 – Mixed Groups **